About the Test
Purpose of the test
A heavy metals panel can be used to determine if you have high levels of one or more toxic metals.
Low levels of some heavy metals like iron and zinc are important for health. Other metals may be found in the body at relatively low levels because of normal environmental exposure. However, unsafe concentrations of heavy metals can accumulate and trigger potentially serious symptoms in exposed people.
The buildup of toxic metals can occur over the short- or long-term, and heavy metal testing can help reveal unhealthy exposure. Testing can be done in multiple contexts, including screening, diagnosis, and monitoring related to heavy metal poisoning.
- Screening is looking for indications of heavy metal poisoning if you have not shown any symptoms. This may be used if you have been exposed to toxic metals in your workplace or for children living in areas where home paint contains lead.
- Diagnosis is determining the cause of an illness if you have symptoms. If a doctor believes that you may have heavy metal poisoning, testing may be able to confirm the diagnosis and help determine the source of heavy metal exposure.
- Monitoring is part of the follow-up process to evaluate the response to treatment if you have previously been diagnosed with heavy metal poisoning.
What does the test measure?
Heavy metals can be measured individually or as part of a panel that tests for multiple compounds. Doctors can include specific metals in a panel test based on the situation, but the most common heavy metals panel includes lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium.
Examples of other metals that may be included are copper, zinc, chromium, thallium, aluminum, beryllium, cobalt, iron, bismuth, manganese, nickel, silver, selenium, silicon, and platinum.
For each toxic metal in the panel, the test provides a measurement of its concentration in the test sample. Levels for most metals are measured in micrograms (μg or mcg) and are reported per unit of volume based on the type of test sample.
When should I get this test?
Heavy metal tests are typically used when you have symptoms of heavy metal poisoning or have a suspected exposure to heavy metals. It is very important to talk with your doctor if you fit either of these categories.
Determining which metals to test for and which type of test sample to use can depend on the nature of your symptoms or possible exposure. Working with your doctor helps ensure you get the most appropriate testing.
If you have been exposed to heavy metals, your doctor can work with you and, if necessary, local poison control officials to find and eliminate the source of exposure.
Regulations around workplace exposure are overseen by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which can require testing of employees who may have been exposed to toxic metals at work. OSHA is a regulatory agency under the United States Department of Labor.
How can I get a heavy metals test?
Tests for heavy metals can analyze blood, urine, hair, or fingernails. Of these, blood and urine testing are more frequently used. The optimal form of testing depends on the metals being measured and whether the exposure is considered short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic).
The test is normally ordered by a doctor who has reviewed your situation, including any symptoms and possible toxic metal exposures. Test samples are usually taken at a doctor’s office, clinic, or hospital, although some urine tests require you to collect all your urine over a 24-hour period. Once the sample is collected, it is analyzed in a qualified medical laboratory.
Can I take the test at home?
When the doctor orders a 24-hour urine test for heavy metals, you need to collect all of your urine during an entire day. This aspect of the test can take place at home, work, or in other settings where you may need to use the bathroom.
In addition, at-home test kits are available to detect heavy metals in the blood, urine, and hair. The test kit provides instructions for taking your sample and then sending it by mail to a laboratory where it can be analyzed. Most at-home test kits are panel tests with a predetermined list of measured heavy metals.
A concern with at-home testing for heavy metals is sample contamination; to reduce the risk, choose an at-home test carefully and closely follow any instructions about preparing your blood, urine, or hair to be sent to the lab.
While at-home tests are convenient, they may not be the right fit based on your potential exposure and can be inaccurate. Accordingly, it’s best to speak with a doctor to find the best test for you. If you have symptoms of heavy metal poisoning, talk to your doctor or call local poison control at 1 (800) 222-1222 right away.
How much does the test cost?
The cost of heavy metal testing can vary based on multiple factors, including the number of toxic metals in the panel, the type of test sample, where the test is conducted, and whether you have insurance coverage.
Costs can include office visits, technician fees for taking your test sample, and laboratory analysis. If your doctor orders the test, some or all of these costs are often covered by insurance, although you may be charged a copay or deductible. Talk directly with your doctor and/or insurance provider for details about your coverage and expected costs.
The price of at-home testing also varies, but home testing kits are often available for under $200. But these tests come with preset lists of metals to measure that may not reflect your situation. In addition, a test alone cannot diagnose heavy metal poisoning, so at-home tests do not eliminate the need to consult with your doctor.
Depending on the specific panel, toxic metal tests can be done with blood, urine, hair, or fingernails. Most cases involve testing with either blood or urine, and the sample is typically collected in a medical office. If you are requested to do a 24-hour urine sample, your doctor’s office will provide instructions and specimen containers to use throughout the day.
Before the test
Consuming seafood can sometimes cause a short-term rise in heavy metal levels, so you will normally be advised to avoid seafood for at least 48 hours prior to testing. Depending on the metals being measured, additional test preparation may be required, so ask your doctor for specific pretest instructions.
During the test
During a blood test, a technician will use a needle to remove a small amount of blood from a vein in your arm. Before drawing blood, they will tie a tourniquet around your upper arm and disinfect the part of your arm where the needle will be inserted. This process takes only a few minutes. There may be a quick sting when the needle is inserted or removed.
For a one-time urine test, you will be given instructions to urinate into a labeled receptacle. For a 24-hour urine test, you will be given special containers for collecting your urine for one full day.
Hair and fingernail samples can be taken and prepared by a laboratory technician. These tests are usually completed quickly without pain or other side effects.
Health professionals take special precautions when preparing your sample to ensure no contamination occurs. For example, they use non-metal vials or containers with no trace of metals to hold test specimens. Specimens should be collected away from the site of suspected metal exposure if indicated.
Collecting a sufficient and uncontaminated sample can be more complicated when doing testing at home. If you take an at-home test, make sure to carefully read the instructions before taking the test. Then follow those instructions exactly when you prepare your test kit.
After the test
After a blood test, a bandage may be applied to stop any bleeding, and you may need to keep this bandage in place for around an hour. Some people experience bruising around the puncture site, but serious pain or other side effects are rare. You can drive and resume normal activity after the test.
There are generally no side effects or other considerations after the complete test.
Sources
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